[logseq-plugin-git:commit] 2025-07-18T08:03:46.278Z

pages/Learning ___ Azure ___ AZ-900%3A Microsoft Azure Fundamentals ___ Azure architecture and services.md

@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
--
+# The core architectural components of Azure
-	- ## Describe the core architectural components of Azure
 	- ![Diagram showing the different levels of account scope.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-core-architectural-components-of-azure/media/account-scope-levels-9ceb3abd-a2d45a13.png)
 	- Global Services: Microsoft Entra ID, Azure Traffic Manager, and Azure DNS
 	- **Physical Infrastructure**
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- Goals
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- Describe Azure regions, region pairs, and sovereign regions.
 			- Describe Availability Zones.
 			- Describe Azure datacenters.
 		- datacenters ([reliabilty](https://datacenters.microsoft.com/))
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- grouped in (for resiliency, reliabilty)
 		- **Regions**
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- geographical area
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- multiple datacenters networked together with low-latency network
 		- **Availabilty Zones** (AZ)
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- one or more physically separate datacenters (independent power, cooling, networking) within an Azure region
 			- Connected with high speed, private fiber-optic cable
 			- Minimum of three AZs available in regions with AZ
@@ -22,150 +27,195 @@
 			- Zone-redundant services: replicated (SQL databases)
 			- Non-regional services: Entra-ID, ...
 		- **Region Pair** (i.e. West US paired with East US, South-East Asia paired with East Asia)
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- within the same geography at least 300 miles away
 			- Cope with: natural disasters, civil unrest, power outages, or physical network outages
 			- Updates one region at a time
 			- One is prioritized for extensive Azure outage
 		- **Sovereign Regions**
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- isolated from the main instance
 			- for compliance or legal purposes
 	- **Management Infrastructure**
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- Goals
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- Describe Azure resources and Resource Groups.
 			- Describe subscriptions.
 			- Describe management groups.
 			- Describe the hierarchy of resource groups, subscriptions, and management groups.
 		- **Resource**
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- Anything you create, provision, deploy (VMs, VNs, DBs, ...)
 		- **Resource Group**
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- ![Diagram showing a resource group box with a function, VM, database, and app included.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-core-architectural-components-of-azure/media/resource-group-eb2d7177-ff67d816.png)
 			- Group resources (not nested)
 			- Resource can only be in one group
 			- Apply action or policy on resource group -> apply on all resources
 		- **Azure Subscription**
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- ![Diagram showing Azure subscriptions using authentication and authorization to access Azure accounts.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-core-architectural-components-of-azure/media/subscriptions-d415577b-04961c4b.png){:height 277, :width 654}
 			- Unit of management, billing, and scale
 			- provides you with **authenticated** and **authorized** access to Azure products and services
 			- Boundaries around products, services and resources
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- **Billing boundary**
 				- **Access control boundary**: access-management policies at the subscription level
 			- Separates Subscriptions based on
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- **Environments**: Dev vs Testing
 				- **Organizational structures**: IT vs HR
 				- **Billing**: Production vs Rest
 		- **Management Groups**
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-core-architectural-components-of-azure/media/management-groups-subscriptions-dfd5a108-60f31f5a.png
 			- organize subscriptions into containers called management groups and apply governance conditions to the management groups
 			- Facts
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- 10,000 management groups can be supported in a single directory.
 				- A management group tree can support up to six levels of depth. This limit doesn't include the root level or the subscription level.
 				- Each management group and subscription can support only one parent.
-	- ## Azure compute and networking services
+- ## Azure compute and networking services
 	- Goals
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- Compare compute types, including container instances, virtual machines, and functions
 		- Describe virtual machine (VM) options, including VMs, Virtual Machine Scale Sets, availability sets, Azure Virtual Desktop
 		- Describe resources required for virtual machines
 		- Describe application hosting options, including Azure Web Apps, containers, and virtual machines
 		- Describe virtual networking, including the purpose of Azure Virtual Networks, Azure virtual subnets, peering, Azure DNS, VPN Gateway, and ExpressRoute
 		- Define public and private endpoints
-		- ### Azure virtual machines (IaaS)
+	- ## Azure virtual machines (IaaS)
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- VMs provide infrastructure as a service
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- Total control over the operating system (OS).
 			- The ability to run custom software.
 			- To use custom hosting configurations.
 		- #### Virtual machine scale sets
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- group of identical, load-balanced VMs
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- automatically increase or decrease in response to demand
 				- scale based on a defined schedule
 		- #### Virtual machine availability sets (no additional cost)
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- stagger updates and have varied power and network connectivity by **up to three fault domains**
 			- **update domain**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- VMs that can be rebooted at the same time
 			- **fault domain**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- VMs by common power source and network switch
 		- #### Exercise - Create an Azure virtual machine
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- ``` 
 			  az vm create --resource-group "learn-f942f893-d72a-4614-9bec-d920bd0d3c96" --name my-vm --public-ip-sku Standard --image Ubuntu2204 --admin-username azureuser --generate-ssh-keys
 			  ```
 			- ```
 			  az vm extension set --resource-group "learn-f942f893-d72a-4614-9bec-d920bd0d3c96" --vm-name my-vm --name customScript --publisher Microsoft.Azure.Extensions --version 2.1 --settings '{"fileUris":["https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MicrosoftDocs/mslearn-welcome-to-azure/master/configure-nginx.sh"]}' --protected-settings '{"commandToExecute": "./configure-nginx.sh"}'
 			  ```
-		- ### Azure virtual desktop
+	- ## Azure virtual desktop
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- cloud-hosted version of Windows
 		- connect with any devices, secure data in the cloud
 		- ![image.png](../assets/image_1752585241837_0.png)
 		- data and apps are separated from the local hardware
 		- user sessions are isolated in both single and multi-session environments.
-		- ### Azure containers
+	- ## Azure containers
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- you don't manage the operating system for a container
 		- VMs virtualize Hardware <-> Container virtualize OS
 		- #### Azure Container Instances (PaaS)
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- upload your containers and then the service runs the containers for you
 		- #### Azure Container Apps (PaaS)
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- incorporate load balancing and scaling
 		- #### Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- orchestration service manages the lifecycle of containers
-		- ### Azure functions
+	- ## Azure functions
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- event-driven, serverless compute option
 		- an event wakes the function, alleviating the need to keep resources provisioned when there are no events
 		- work can be completed quickly, within seconds or less.
 		- **stateless**:  behave as if they restart every time
 		- **stateful**: Durable Functions - a context is passed through the function to track prior activity
-		- ### Azure App Service
+	- ## Azure App Service
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- HTTP-based service for hosting web applications, REST APIs, and mobile back ends
 		- automatic scaling and high availability
 		- #### Web apps
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- full support for hosting web apps
 		- #### API apps
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- REST-based web APIs by using your choice of language and framework. You get full Swagger support and the ability to package and publish your API in Azure Marketplace
 		- #### WebJobs
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- to run a program or script in the same context as a web app, API app, or mobile app
 			- scheduled or run by a trigger
 			- are often used to run background tasks as part of your application logic.
 		- #### Mobile apps
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- quickly build a back end for iOS and Android apps
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- Store mobile app data in a cloud-based SQL database.
 				- Send push notifications.
 				- ...
-		- ### Azure virtual networking
+	- ## Azure virtual networking
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- **Public endpoints**: have a public IP address and can be accessed from anywhere in the world.
 		- **Private endpoints**:  exist within a virtual network and have a private IP address from within the address space of that virtual network.
 		- #### Isolation and segmentation
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- define a private IP address space by using either public or private IP address ranges
 			- divide that IP address space into subnets and allocate part of the defined address space to each named subnet.
 			- use the name resolution service built into Azure or use either an internal or an external DNS server
 		- #### Internet communications
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- enable incoming connections from the internet by assigning a public IP
 			- putting the resource behind a public load balancer
 		- #### Communicate between Azure resources
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- Virtual Networks connect: App Service Environment for Power Apps, Azure Kubernetes Service, and Azure virtual machine scale sets
 			- Service endpoints can connect to other Azure resource types, such as Azure SQL databases and storage accounts
 		- #### Communicate with on-premises resources
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- link resources together in your on-premises environment and within your Azure subscription
 			- create a network that spans both your local and cloud environments
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- **Point-to-site virtual private network**: connections are from a computer outside your organization back into your corporate network. In this case, the client computer initiates an encrypted VPN connection to connect to the Azure virtual network.
 				- **Site-to-site virtual private networks**: link your on-premises VPN device or gateway to the Azure VPN gateway in a virtual network. In effect, the devices in Azure can appear as being on the local network. The connection is encrypted and works over the internet.
 				- **Azure ExpressRoute**: provides a dedicated private connectivity to Azure that doesn't travel over the internet. ExpressRoute is useful for environments where you need greater bandwidth and even higher levels of security.
 		- #### Route network traffic
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- Azure routes traffic between subnets on any connected virtual networks, on-premises networks, and the internet.
 			- Route tables allow you to define rules about how traffic should be directed
 			- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) works with Azure VPN gateways, Azure Route Server, or Azure ExpressRoute to propagate on-premises BGP routes to Azure virtual networks.
 		- #### Filter network traffic
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- **Network security groups** are Azure resources that can contain multiple inbound and outbound security rules. You can define these rules to allow or block traffic, based on factors such as source and destination IP address, port, and protocol.
 			- **Network virtual appliances** are specialized VMs that can be compared to a hardened network appliance. A network virtual appliance carries out a particular network function, such as running a firewall or performing wide area network (WAN) optimization.
 		- #### Connect virtual networks
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- link virtual networks together by using virtual network peering
 			- Network traffic between peered networks is private, and travels on the Microsoft backbone network, never entering the public internet.
-	- ### Azure virtual private networks
+	- ## Azure virtual private networks
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- #### VPN gateways
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- only one VPN gateway in each virtual network
 			- one gateway to connect to multiple locations, which includes other virtual networks or on-premises datacenters.
 			- Connect on-premises datacenters to virtual networks through a **site-to-site connection**.
 			- Connect individual devices to virtual networks through a **point-to-site connection**.
 			- Connect virtual networks to other virtual networks through a **network-to-network connection**.
 			- **Policy-based**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- VPN gateways specify statically the IP address of packets that should be encrypted through each tunnel. This type of device evaluates every data packet against those sets of IP addresses to choose the tunnel where that packet is going to be sent through.
 			- **Route-based**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- IPSec tunnels are modeled as a network interface or virtual tunnel interface. IP routing (either static routes or dynamic routing protocols) decides which one of these tunnel interfaces to use when sending each packet. Route-based VPNs are the preferred connection method for on-premises devices. They're more resilient to topology changes such as the creation of new subnets.
 				- Connections between virtual networks
 				- Point-to-site connections
@@ -173,36 +223,48 @@
 				- Coexistence with an Azure ExpressRoute gateway
 			- primary distinction between these two types is how they determine which traffic needs encryption.
 		- ### High-availability scenarios
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- #### Active/standby
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- gateways are deployed as two instances in an active/standby configuration, even if you only see one VPN gateway resource in Azure
 			- #### Active/active
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- assign a unique public IP address to each instance. You then create separate tunnels from the on-premises device to each IP address. You can extend the high availability by deploying an additional VPN device on-premises.
 			- #### ExpressRoute failover
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- provision a VPN gateway that uses the internet as an alternative method of connectivity
 			- #### Zone-redundant gateways
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- In regions that support availability zones, VPN gateways and ExpressRoute gateways can be deployed in a zone-redundant configuration. This configuration brings resiliency, scalability, and higher availability to virtual network gateways. Deploying gateways in Azure availability zones physically and logically separates gateways within a region while protecting your on-premises network connectivity to Azure from zone-level failures. These gateways require different gateway stock keeping units (SKUs) and use Standard public IP addresses instead of Basic public IP addresses.
 		- ### Azure ExpressRoute
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- extend your on-premises networks into the Microsoft cloud over a private connection
 			- Connectivity can be from an any-to-any (IP VPN) network, a point-to-point Ethernet network, or a virtual cross-connection through a connectivity provider at a colocation facility
 			- ExpressRoute connections don't go over the public Internet
 		- ### Azure DNS
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- #### Reliability and performance
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- Azure DNS uses anycast networking, so the closest available DNS server answers each DNS query
 			- #### Security
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- Azure role-based access control, Activity logs, Resource locking
 			- #### Ease of use
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- manage your domains and records with the Azure portal, Azure PowerShell cmdlets, and the cross-platform Azure CLI.
 			- #### Customizable virtual networks with private domains
 			- #### Alias records
-	- ## Azure storage services
+- # Azure storage services
 	- Goals
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- Compare Azure storage services.
 		- Describe storage tiers.
 		- Describe redundancy options.
 		- Describe storage account options and storage types.
 		- Identify options for moving files, including AzCopy, Azure Storage Explorer, and Azure File Sync.
 		- Describe migration options, including Azure Migrate and Azure Data Box.
-		- ### Azure storage accounts
+	- ## Azure storage accounts
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- Locally redundant storage (LRS)
 		- Zone-redundant storage (ZRS)
 		- Geo-redundant storage (GRS)
@@ -216,6 +278,7 @@
 		  | Premium file shares | Azure Files | LRS, ZRS | Premium storage account type for file shares only. Recommended for enterprise or high-performance scale applications. Use this account type if you want a storage account that supports both Server Message Block (SMB) and NFS file shares. |
 		  | Premium page blobs | Page blobs only | LRS | Premium storage account type for page blobs only |
 		- #### Storage account endpoints
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- between 3 and 24 characters in length and may contain numbers and lowercase letters only.
 			- unique within Azure
 			- | **Storage service** | **Endpoint** |
@@ -225,38 +288,121 @@
 			  | Azure Files | https://<storage-account-name>.file.core.windows.net |
 			  | Queue Storage | https://<storage-account-name>.queue.core.windows.net |
 			  | Table Storage | https://<storage-account-name>.table.core.windows.net |
-		- ### Azure storage redundancy
+	- ## Azure storage redundancy
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- #### Redundancy in the primary region
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- **Locally redundant storage**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- ![Diagram showing the structure used for locally redundant storage.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-storage-services/media/locally-redundant-storage.png)
 			- **Zone-redundant storage**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- ![Diagram showing ZRS, with a copy of data stored in each of three availability zones.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-storage-services/media/zone-redundant-storage.png)
 		- #### Redundancy in a secondary region
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- **Geo-redundant storage**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- ![Diagram showing GRS, with primary region LRS replicating data to LRS in a second region.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-storage-services/media/geo-redundant-storage.png)
 			- **Geo-zone-redundant storage**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- ![Diagram showing GZRS, with primary region ZRS replicating data to LRS in a second region.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-storage-services/media/geo-zone-redundant-storage.png)
 			- **Read access to data in the secondary region**
+			  collapsed:: true
 				- GRS and GZRS with read access (normally not possible)
-		- ### Azure storage services
+	- ## Azure storage services
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- **Azure Blobs**: A massively scalable object store for text and binary data. Also includes support for big data analytics through Data Lake Storage Gen2.
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- **Hot access tier**: Optimized for storing data that is accessed frequently (for example, images for your website).
 			- **Cool access tier**: Optimized for data that is infrequently accessed and stored for at least 30 days (for example, invoices for your customers).
 			- **Cold access tier**: Optimized for storing data that is infrequently accessed and stored for at least 90 days.
 			- **Archive access tier**: Appropriate for data that is rarely accessed and stored for at least 180 days, with flexible latency requirements (for example, long-term backups).
 		- **Azure Files**: Managed file shares for cloud or on-premises deployments.
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- accessible Server Message Block (SMB) or Network File System (NFS) protocols
 		- **Azure Queues**: A messaging store for reliable messaging between application components.
 		- **Azure Disks**: Block-level storage volumes for Azure VMs.
 		- **Azure Tables:** NoSQL table option for structured, non-relational data.
-	- ### Identify Azure data migration options
+	- ## Identify Azure data migration options
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- **Azure Migrate: Discovery and assessment**. Discover and assess on-premises servers running on VMware, Hyper-V, and physical servers in preparation for migration to Azure.
 		- **Azure Migrate: Server Migration**. Migrate VMware VMs, Hyper-V VMs, physical servers, other virtualized servers, and public cloud VMs to Azure.
 		- **Data Migration Assistant**. Data Migration Assistant is a stand-alone tool to assess SQL Servers. It helps pinpoint potential problems blocking migration. It identifies unsupported features, new features that can benefit you after migration, and the right path for database migration.
 		- **Azure Database Migration Service**. Migrate on-premises databases to Azure VMs running SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, or SQL Managed Instances.
 		- **Azure App Service migration assistant**. Azure App Service migration assistant is a standalone tool to assess on-premises websites for migration to Azure App Service. Use Migration Assistant to migrate .NET and PHP web apps to Azure.
+		  collapsed:: true
 			- **Azure Data Box**. Use Azure Data Box products to move large amounts of offline data to Azure. Suited to transfer data sizes larger than 40 TBs - 80 TB
-	- ### Azure file movement options
+	- ## Azure file movement options
+	  collapsed:: true
 		- **AzCopy** copy blobs or files to or from your storage account
 		- **Azure Storage Explorer**  standalone app
 		- **Azure File Sync** stay bi-directionally synced with your files in Azure.
+- # Azure identity, access, and security
+	- Goals:
+		- Describe directory services in Azure, including Microsoft Entra ID and Microsoft Entra Domain Services
+		- Describe authentication methods in Azure, including single sign-on (SSO), multifactor authentication (MFA), and passwordless
+		- Describe external identities and guest access in Azure
+		- Describe Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
+		- Describe Azure Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
+		- Describe the concept of Zero Trust
+		- Describe the purpose of the defense in depth model
+		- Describe the purpose of Microsoft Defender for Cloud
+	- ## Azure directory services
+		- ![Diagram of Microsoft Entra Connect Sync synchronizing information back to the Microsoft Entra tenant from on-premises AD.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-identity-access-security/media/azure-active-directory-sync-topology-7359f2b8-427db2d4.png)
+		- ### Microsoft Entra ID
+			- **Authentication**: This includes verifying identity to access applications and resources. It also includes providing functionality such as self-service password reset, multifactor authentication, a custom list of banned passwords, and smart lockout services.
+			- **Single sign-on**: Single sign-on (SSO) enables you to remember only one username and one password to access multiple applications. A single identity is tied to a user, which simplifies the security model. As users change roles or leave an organization, access modifications are tied to that identity, which greatly reduces the effort needed to change or disable accounts.
+			- **Application management**: You can manage your cloud and on-premises apps by using Microsoft Entra ID. Features like Application Proxy, SaaS apps, the My Apps portal, and single sign-on provide a better user experience.
+			- **Device management**: Along with accounts for individual people, Microsoft Entra ID supports the registration of devices. Registration enables devices to be managed through tools like Microsoft Intune. It also allows for device-based Conditional Access policies to restrict access attempts to only those coming from known devices, regardless of the requesting user account.
+		- ### Active Directory
+			- On on-premises environments, Active Directory running on Windows Server provides an identity and access management service that's managed by your organizatio
+		- ### Microsoft Entra Domain Services
+			- unique namespace. This namespace is the **domain name**. Two Windows Server domain controllers are then deployed into your selected Azure region. This deployment of DCs is known as a replica set.
+	- ## Azure authentication methods
+		- ### Single sign-on (SSO)
+			- Single sign-on is only as secure as the initial authenticator because the subsequent connections are all based on the security of the initial authenticator.
+		- ### Passwordless authentication
+			- Windows Hello for Business
+			- Microsoft Authenticator app
+			- FIDO2 security keys (Fast IDentity Online)
+	- ## Azure external identities
+		- ![Diagram showing B2B collaborators accessing your tenant and B2C collaborators accessing the AD B2C tenant.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-identity-access-security/media/azure-active-directory-external-identities-5a892021-ca79a69c.png)
+		- **Business to business (B2B) collaboration** - Collaborate with external users by letting them use their preferred identity to sign-in to your Microsoft applications or other enterprise applications (SaaS apps, custom-developed apps, etc.). B2B collaboration users are represented in your directory, typically as guest users.
+		- **B2B direct connect** - Establish a mutual, two-way trust with another Microsoft Entra organization for seamless collaboration. B2B direct connect currently supports Teams shared channels, enabling external users to access your resources from within their home instances of Teams. B2B direct connect users aren't represented in your directory, but they're visible from within the Teams shared channel and can be monitored in Teams admin center reports.
+		- **Microsoft Azure Active Directory business to customer (B2C)** - Publish modern SaaS apps or custom-developed apps (excluding Microsoft apps) to consumers and customers, while using Azure AD B2C for identity and access management.
+	- ## Azure conditional access
+		- Microsoft Entra ID uses to allow (or deny) access to resources based on **identity signals**.
+			- These signals include who the user is, where the user is, and what device the user is requesting access from.
+			- ![Diagram showing the conditional access flow of a signal leading to a decision, leading to enforcement.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-identity-access-security/media/conditional-access-9bd268b8-757297cb.png)
+		- Require multifactor authentication (MFA) to access an application depending on the requester’s role, location, or network. For example, you could require MFA for administrators but not regular users or for people connecting from outside your corporate network.
+		- Require access to services only through approved client applications. For example, you could limit which email applications are able to connect to your email service.
+		- Require users to access your application only from managed devices. A managed device is a device that meets your standards for security and compliance.
+		- Block access from untrusted sources, such as access from unknown or unexpected locations.
+	- ## Azure role-based access control
+		- principle of least privilege
+		- role has an associated set of access permissions that relate to that role. When you assign individuals or groups to one or more roles, they receive all the associated access permissions.
+		- Role-based access control is applied to a scope, which is a resource or set of resources that this access applies to.
+		- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-identity-access-security/media/role-based-access-scope-4b12a8f3-7f40fc55.png
+		- Azure RBAC is **hierarchical**, in that when you grant access at a parent scope, those permissions are inherited by all child scopes
+		- Azure RBAC uses an allow model
+	- ## Zero Trust
+		- Zero Trust assumes breach at the outset, and then verifies each request as though it originated from an uncontrolled network.
+		- **Verify explicitly** - Always authenticate and authorize based on all available data points.
+		- **Use least privilege access** - Limit user access with Just-In-Time and Just-Enough-Access (JIT/JEA), risk-based adaptive policies, and data protection.
+		- **Assume breach** - Minimize blast radius and segment access. Verify end-to-end encryption. Use analytics to get visibility, drive threat detection, and improve defenses.
+		- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-identity-access-security/media/zero-trust-cf9202be-d5c6882e.png
+	- ## Defense-in-depth
+		- ![A diagram showing the defense in depth layers. From the center: data, application, compute, network, perimeter, identity & access, physical security.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-identity-access-security/media/defense-depth-486afc12-71a03f12.png)
+		- The **physical** security layer is the first line of defense to protect computing hardware in the datacenter.
+		- The **identity and access** layer controls access to infrastructure and change control.
+		- The **perimeter** layer uses distributed denial of service (DDoS) protection to filter large-scale attacks before they can cause a denial of service for users.
+		- The **network** layer limits communication between resources through segmentation and access controls.
+		- The **compute** layer secures access to virtual machines.
+		- The **application** layer helps ensure that applications are secure and free of security vulnerabilities.
+		- The **data** layer controls access to business and customer data that you need to protect.
+	- ## Microsoft Defender for Cloud
+		- monitoring tool for security posture management and threat protection
+			- extended to non-Azure machines with the help of Azure Arc
+		- ![Diagram reinforcing assess, secure, and defend.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-azure-identity-access-security/media/assess-secure-defend-46228306-c726aca3.png)
+		- Azure Security Benchmark
+		-

pages/Learning ___ Azure ___ AZ-900%3A Microsoft Azure Fundamentals ___ Azure management and governance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Cost Management in Azure
+	- Goals
+		- Describe factors that can affect costs in Azure.
+		- Compare the Pricing calculator and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculator.
+		- Describe the Microsoft Cost Management Tool.
+		- Describe the purpose of tags.
+	- ## Factors that can affect costs in Azure
+		- CapEx -> OpEx
+		- ### Resource type
+			- Region, Redundancy, Performance Tier, ...
+		- ### Consumption
+			- Pay as you go vs Reservered Resources
+		- ### Maintenance
+			- Deprovision automatically provisioned resources e.g. VMs with network
+		- ### Geography
+		- ### Network Traffic
+	- ## Compare the Pricing and Total Cost of Ownership calculators
+		- Pricing Calculator - Estimate Prices for Scenarios in the Azure Cloud
+		- TCO Calculator - Estimate Prices for move On-Premise -> Cloud
+- # Governance and compliance
+	- Goals
+		- Describe the purpose of Microsoft Purview
+		- Describe the purpose of Azure Policy
+		- Describe the purpose of resource locks
+		- Describe the purpose of the Service Trust portal
+	- ## Microsoft Purview
+		- ![Illustration showing the main areas for Microsoft Purview.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-features-tools-azure-for-governance-compliance/media/purview-solution-areas-ceb1bedf-6bf29907.png)
+		- Automated data discovery
+		- Sensitive data classification
+		- End-to-end data lineage
+		- Unified data governance
+		- Data Catalog –– This enables data discovery.
+		- Data Sharing –– This shares data within and between organizations.
+		- Data Estate Insights –– This accesses data estate health.
+		- Data Policy –– This governs access to data.
+	- ## Azure Policy
+		- ### Azure Policy initiative
+			- grouping related policies together
+	- ## Resource locks
+		- prevents resources from being accidentally deleted or changed.
+			- Delete means authorized users can still read and modify a resource, but they can't delete the resource.
+			- ReadOnly means authorized users can read a resource, but they can't delete or update the resource. Applying this lock is similar to restricting all authorized users to the permissions granted by the Reader role.
+	- ## Service Trust portal
+		- https://servicetrust.microsoft.com/
+- # Managing and deploying Azure resources
+	- Goals
+		- Describe Azure portal
+		- Describe Azure Cloud Shell, including Azure CLI and Azure PowerShell
+		- Describe the purpose of Azure Arc
+		- Describe Azure Resource Manager (ARM) and Azure ARM templates
+	- ## Azure portal
+		- web-based, unified console
+	- ## Azure Cloud Shell
+		- browser-based shell tool
+	- ## Azure Powershell / Azure CLI
+		- call the Azure REST API to perform management tasks in Azure
+		- Azure CLI uses Bash commands
+	- ## Azure Arc
+		- use Azure Resource Manager
+		- Azure Arc allows you to manage the following resource types hosted outside of Azure:
+			- Servers
+			- Kubernetes clusters
+			- Azure data services
+			- SQL Server
+			- Virtual machines (preview)
+- # Monitoring Tools in Azure
+	- ## Azure Advisor
+		- displays personalized recommendations for all your subscriptions.
+	- ## Azure Service Health
+		- Service health, and Resource Health, Azure Service Health gives you a complete view of your Azure environment-all the way from the global status of Azure services and regions down to specific resources
+	- ## Azure Monitor
+		- ![An illustration showing the flow of information that Azure Monitor uses to provide monitoring and data visualization.](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/wwl-azure/describe-monitoring-tools-azure/media/azure-monitor-overview-614cd2fd.svg)